Types of ferns - indoor and domestic plants

In the gardens of summer residents, you can often see a plant such as fern. You can meet him not only there. Ferns grow around the world.

This plant is shrouded in a halo of secrets and mysteries. All because of its dissimilarity to another flora. However, there is really nothing mysterious in him.

Plant structure

Ferns are perennial herbaceous plants. They like moisture very much, therefore they are most often found in forests or other shady, humid places. This is a huge group of spore plants, it includes 48 families.

Fern

In the literature, you can often see that fern greens are called leaves. This is actually a mistake. Fern foliage is called waiyi. Young vaya grows coiled like a snail. Perhaps it is precisely because of this structural feature that the legend of the mysterious flower once went.

Leaf plates of an adult plant are most often strongly dissected, growing from the rhizome itself. Ferns have many species, their names most often reflect the outward resemblance of foliage to some object or are associated with the place of natural growth.

Ferns are different: tree-shaped, underwater, large and miniature, growing on the ground and on trees.

Fern propagation

Despite tales and legends, fern does not bloom in real life. It reproduces through spores - this is one of the main points of its characteristics. Spores are located on the underside of a plant leaf. The place of their accumulation is called sporangia.

Young wai

Another method of propagation of these plants is vegetative. They can shoot root shoots. Usually flower growers grow them in this way.

Ferns in the interior

Fern has long been considered one of the most successful plants for interior design. Largely due to its mystical halo, largely due to its unusual appearance. Not only does this attract people to him, because:

• Ferns perfectly clean the air. They cope well with gases and dust.
• They are quite unpretentious. They will have to pay attention, but not much.
• These plants are very beautiful. The lush green bush will not leave anyone indifferent.
• They are convenient to choose for the interior. Types of ferns are diverse, there are for every taste.
• With fern, it’s good to organize fragmented landscaping in apartments. Only preliminary should make sure that the plant is suitable for all conditions.
  

  Fern Florarium

• With it, you can create florariums that look favorably in the interiors. This is a special glass container inside which is an autonomous ecosystem.

Fern species and names

The species of indoor fern is striking in its diversity. The most interesting and popular should be discussed separately.

Mnogoryadnik

A multi-row fern is rightfully considered one of the most beautiful created by nature. It has interesting openwork leaves that attract attention. In nature, it grows in coniferous, deciduous, mixed forests, not far from water bodies. Grow it at home. His requirements are as follows:

• Watering. In summer, during active growth, the soil should be constantly moist. In the off-season, winter (if the plant is in the house) watering is needed moderate.
• Lighting. It takes a lot of diffused light.
• Comfortable temperature. In active growth - 15-25 ° C, during dormancy - 12-15 ° C.
• Top dressing. In the warm season, it is recommended to fertilize the plant once a week. In winter, top dressing is not needed.

Davalia

Fern Davalia (or Davallia in Latin) is a fast-growing plant. He looks unusual. The popular name of this flora (cleft paw, deer leg) confirms this. In nature, this fern is found in tropical Asia, China, Japan, and the Canary Islands. In Russian latitudes, it is more often used in greenhouses, less often in homes.

Davalia

For a house flower given at home, care should include the following items:

• Watering. And in the summer and in the cold, she needs moderate watering. The plant does not like strong humidity.
• Lighting. Davalia needs diffused light. It can be grown away from windows.
• Temperature. In summer, this fern-like temperature is needed at 17-25 ° С, in winter - from 13 to 20 ° С.
• Top dressing. During the period of active growth, davalia should be fed with liquid fertilizer twice a month.

Nephrolepis

This fern is known to most home growers. It is this culture that is most often grown in pots in indoor conditions. For example, Boston or Boston nephrolepis is often used. Its leaves, like most fern-shaped, are strongly dissected. At the same time, the dissected parts are not openwork, as in multi-row ones.

The nephrolepis of the Green Lady is still common. Its feature is in splendor. A properly grown flower may resemble a green fountain.

The third of the most common ferns in the house is Emin's nephrolepis. Its other name is Green Dragon or Dragon Tail. All due to the fact that this type of wai is especially curly.

Nephrolepis Emin

Nephrolepis requirements:

• Watering. Like most ferns, during a period of active growth, they need constant humidity. In the cold, moderate watering is required.
• Lighting. Nephrolepis loves bright but diffused light.
• Temperature. In summer, it is able to withstand up to 25 ° C, in winter it is not recommended to lower the temperature below 16 ° C.
• Top dressing. Like a multi-row plant, nephrolepis needs fertilizers during the weekly growth period. In winter, they should be removed.

Kostenets

This spore-bearing plant, known to science as Asplenium, cannot be confused with others. This is because its leaves have an unusual shape - they do not have a dissection characteristic of most fern-shaped. Vaya their whole. Asplenium is a broad-leaved species of ferns. It occurs most often in the tropics. However, it can be seen in other conditions. Scolopendra ossicles are often grown in homes. Asplenium has these requirements:

• Watering. In the growing season, this fern should be watered abundantly; during the dormant period, watering is severely limited.
• Lighting. This plant does not need to be placed on the windowsill. The Kostenets loves the shadow.
• Temperature. Asplenium is thermophilic: in summer it is comfortable at 18-25 ° C, in winter it does not tolerate temperatures below 16 ° C.
• Top dressing. This type of ferns is fed once a week during the growth period. In the dormant season, it cannot be fertilized.

Maidenhair

Adiantum fern is known for its unique leaves. This name comes from the Greek language, from an expression literally translated as "do not wet." Wii of this species repel water, it is impossible to wet them. In homes, the most common is the stop-shaped adiantum.

Adiantum pusiform

This species needs the following conditions:

• Watering. Adiantums are especially hygrophilous ferns. In summer, the pot can even be put in the whole water. The main thing is to let the excess drain off. In winter, the soil is moistened as necessary.
• Lighting. Adiantum is shy and does not like frequent change of places.
• Temperature. In any season, this species feels comfortable at a temperature of 15-20 ° C.
• Top dressing. Fertilize this plant in the warm season once a month. In winter, top dressing is not carried out.

Pteris

This species is often grown indoors. All because he is one of the most unpretentious ferns. It is recommended to start growing fern-shaped ones with it. It has interesting double-colored vayas: light green at the stem and dark green at the edges. Most often, home growers choose Cretan pteris. Pteris need:

• Watering. In the growing season, they need a lot, for winter watering is limited.
• Lighting. This species needs a lot of light.

• Temperature. In summer, pteris is comfortable at 18-24 ° C, in winter the temperature should be 13-16 ° C.
• Top dressing. This species is fertilized once every two weeks. The concentration of top dressing is weak - it has delicate roots.

Thyroid

Thyroid - one of the most common fern-shaped. The most famous of them is male fern.

Male thyroid

The name was given to him by the Greeks (they came up with a practical medical use). Noting the outward similarity of the two plants, it was to this that they gave the name male fern. The second type (discussed below) was called female.

The scutellum has strongly dissected vaiyas that resemble feathers in shape.The content requirements are as follows:

• Watering. Shieldmen need a lot of water in the hot season. In winter, watering is scarce.
• Lighting. This view loves shady places.
• Temperature. When keeping the thyroid in the room, an air temperature of 18-20 ° C is recommended. He does not have seasonality requirements.
• Top dressing. These ferns are fed with fertilizer of average concentration once a month during the period of active growth.

Kocher

The cobbler fern is the very second species defined by the Greeks as the “pair” of the thyroid. The two plants are very similar, because they called them in pairs. This species was dubbed female (today this name has been preserved only for one of the varieties). One of the most beautiful wanderers is Nippon; he is distinguished by a red stalk. Conditions for this type are required as follows:

• Watering. In summer, this fern needs a lot of water. In winter, it is watered as the soil dries.
• Lighting. Like the scutellum, the wanderer is shy.
• Temperature. This plant is comfortable at 19-23 ° C. With home growing, he also does not have a seasonal requirement.
• Top dressing. This species should be fertilized in the growth season once every three weeks.

Thailand

Thai fern has a significant difference from the above species. It lies in the fact that it is an underwater plant. It comes from Thailand, the name came from here. The most common variety is the pterygoid fern. It is often grown in home aquariums - it creates beautiful dense thickets and requires minimal maintenance.

Thailand fern

• Water. The Thai fern does not need frequent water changes.
• Lighting. For this plant you need daylight hours of at least 12 hours a day. It also tolerates shading, but will only grow with enough light.
• Temperature. This species needs a constant temperature of at least 24 ° C. He has no pronounced seasonality.
• Top dressing. An underwater fern is fed by adding fertilizer to the water. The concentration of top dressing should be weak, spend it no more than twice a month.

Indian

This is another variety of underwater fern narrow-leaved crops. Indian fern has openwork finely dissected vayi. At home it is grown in aquariums. Caring for it involves the following conditions:

• Water. Often changing the water in the aquarium with this plant is not worth it.
• Lighting. This species needs a lot of light. Daylight hours should be from 12 hours a day.
• Temperature. The optimum water temperature for this plant is 23-26 ° C.
• Top dressing. Indian fern does not need to be fed.

Orlyak ordinary

This plant is often found in Russia. It received the name bracken because of feather-shaped leaf plates resembling eagle feathers. His name is Far Eastern fern because of the area of ​​growth. Almost all bracken are edible (after a certain treatment).

Orlyak ordinary

He has not so many requirements:

• Watering. In summer, drying of the soil at the bracken roots should not be allowed. In winter, watering at room content is minimal.
• Lighting. Like most species of fern-like plants, the bracken is shade-loving.
• Temperature. The Far Eastern species has no seasonality requirements. At home, a temperature of 10 to 25 ° C is suitable for him.
• Top dressing. Eagles need to be fed once a month all the warm time of the year.

Centipede

Millipedes are a whole class of fern-shaped. In biology, he is called Polipodium. Another name is real fern. Among its species, there are epiphytic plants (growing on stones or a tree, like phlebodium), and ordinary terrestrial plants (for example, an ordinary millipede).

Epiphytus phlebodium

Polypodiums are known for rapidly growing vegetatively with the help of root shoots. At the same time, they are quite low - vayi can reach a height of 60 centimeters. Millipede Requirements:

• Watering. Polypodiums love moisture. In the season of active growth, their soil should not be allowed to dry out.
• Lighting. Millipede refers to shade-tolerant ferns. She can live in the shade, but for normal growth she needs diffused light.
• Temperature. In summer, polypodium is good at 20-25 ° C. In winter, the temperature drops to 16-18 ° C.
• Top dressing. You need to fertilize this fern twice a month and only during the period of active growth.

Fern is an excellent solution for interior decoration. Among the variety of its types, it is easy to choose the most suitable for one or another style.